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Cognitive valence theory
Cognitive valence theory (CVT) is a theoretical framework that describes and explains the process of intimacy exchange within a dyad relationship. Peter A. Andersen, PhD created the cognitive valence theory to answer questions regarding intimacy relationships among colleagues, close friends and intimate friends, married couples and family members.〔Andersen, 1999, p.229〕 Intimacy or immediacy behavior is that behavior that provides closeness or distance within a dyad relationship. Closeness projects a positive feeling in a relationship, and distance projects a negative feeling within a relationship. Intimacy or immediacy behavior can be ''negatively valenced'' or ''positively valenced''.〔Guerrero & Hecht, 2008, p. 512〕 Valence, associated with physics, is used here to describe the degree of negativity or positivity in expected information. If your partner perceives your actions as negative, then the interaction may repel your partner away from you. If your partner perceives your actions as positive, then the interaction may be accepted and may encourage closeness. Affection and intimacy promotes positive valence in a relationship. CVT uses non-verbal and verbal communications criteria to analyze behavioral situations.〔
==Cognitive valence theory: the focus of CVT==
CVT focuses on how intimate relationships are initiated and why only a few relationships are extended past initial contact.〔 CVT employs six factors or schemata to explain verbal and non-verbal intimacy behaviors, interpersonal perceptions, physiological arousal, social cognition and relational outcomes within a specified relationship.〔Andersen, 1985, pp. 1–36〕〔Andersen, 1989, np〕〔Andersen, 1998, pp. 39–72〕〔Andersen, 1999, pp. 228–237〕〔Guerrero, Andersen, & Afifi, 2007, pp.181–185〕〔Guerrero & Hecht, 2008, p. 512-514〕 CVT utilizes six types of schemata that regulate interpersonal interaction: culture, personality, interpersonal valence, situation, state, and the relationship.〔〔〔〔〔"Guerrero, Andersen, & Afifi, 2007, pp.181–185"〕〔"Guerrero & Hecht, 2008", p. 515-517"〕 Each schema explores intimacy or immediacy behavior when interlaced with human emotion. CVT focuses on these six schemata in relations to moderate levels of arousal in human emotions. Moderate levels of arousal are acceptable in a dyad relationship, but high levels of arousal may cause undue excitement, panic, fear, anger and disorientation.〔〔Guerrero & Hecht, 2008, p. 515-517〕
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